Gen. Janssens retreated to Semarang on the north-central coast of Java; in September he capitulated to the British. Eventually Calcutta appointed Raffles convened a meeting on 1 April 1823 with the intention of opening a Malay college in Singapore based on his observations on his years in Southeast Asia and his belief of the importance of both the local and the European languages. He died of apoplexy on July 5, 1826.Several educational institutions and places in Singapore have been named after Raffles. In November 1818, he took charge of the place. As his father had lost a lot in trade, Raffles had a modest upbringing. The Dutch were alarmed and sent a small contingent to the island. He married Olivia Mariamne Fancourt, who was a widowof Jacob Cassivelaun Fancourt, an assistant surgeon in Madras who had died in 1800. Although his family was in debt, they managed to give him money for his education. Along with the British Resident of Malacca, Col. R.J. Farquhar, (who explored the area), Raffles decided that the island of Singapore (Singapura) was an ideal port for British trade.Raffles made a voyage to Calcutta to convince Lord Hastings, the governor-general of India, that it was necessary for the ‘East India Company’ to have a post around the Strait of Malacca for profitable trade. He was, at once, amateur natural scientist, archeologist, Oriental philologist, and reviver and active president of the Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences. In Bencoolen Raffles paid special attention to the agricultural methods of the Luckily, the Singapore issue had its supporters in the House, so as negotiations continued in Europe, Raffles remained largely idle in Bencoolen. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:StamfordRaffles.jpeg Despite a covert offer of subterfuge against the Dutch offered by the Raja of Rhio (Riau), Farquhar returned and an official protest was sent by the Raja to Java regarding the matter. He ordered a town plan for Singapore and also drafted important laws for the city. A registration system was first instituted for all land, regardless of ownership, and the repossession of the land by the government if land remained unregistered. Raffles then returned to Malacca and participated in preparations for the attack on Java. In addition to preserving the Colonel Bannerman's death in Penang in October 1819 brought new opportunities for Raffles to expand his power to also include the other minor British factories and outposts from Sumatra to The Dutch claim on the Sultanate of Johore and hence, Rhio, and the diplomatic exchanges between Baron Raffles returned to Bencoolen in ill-health, but as his health improved, he continued on his quest to learn about the island he now called home. He was heavily involved in the conquest of the Indonesian island of When the British East India Company sent Raffles to Southeast Asia to look for a port, the company already had two ports, The British East India Company thus needed a new port south of Melaka to protect British ships, and so they chose Singapore for it had a lot of drinking water and a good location, in the centre of the Straits of Melaka.The memorial to Olivia Mariamne Raffles, Raffles' first wife, erected by him along the Kanarielaan in the National Botanical Gardens (now the Bogor Botanical Gardens). In 1795, he began working for the ‘East India Company’ as a clerk.Despite his insufficient formal education, he achieved good progress at work, as he taught himself science, natural history, and several languages.In 1805, Raffles was sent to Penang, an island in the Strait of Malacca, as an assistant secretary to the new governor, Philip Dundas. He studied the By early 1820, Tengku Long had firmly established himself as the As in Java, Raffles collected samples of local species of plant and animal, as well as describing them in his journals. Raffles was born on a ship Ann to Captain Benjamin Raffles and Anne Raffles. The East India Company was on the point of abandoning this port, but a report which Raffles prepared and in which he argued the superiority of Malacca over Penang as a potential port persuaded the company to rescind its order.Lord Minto, the governor general of India, was so impressed with the report that he called Raffles on 2 months' leave to Calcutta. Sir Stamford Raffles Early life.. Born to an improvident merchant captain and his wife during a homeward voyage from the West Indies, Raffles... Penang.. Before leaving for England, however, he decided to pay a final visit to Singapore, where he remained 9 months. Though the people were saved, he lost all his papers in the fire. On July 5, 1826, less than 3 months after receiving the court's letter demanding repayment, Raffles died of an apoplectic stroke.In his short span of life Raffles had suffered numerous crushing blows which would have felled a lesser man. By the ‘Anglo-Dutch Treaty of London’ in 1824, the two countries came to an agreement about trade in the area. He studied in a boarding school for a few years.Raffles could not continue schooling due to his family’s debts, and at 14, he had to take up a job to support his mother and four sisters.

As Raffles made Johor a British protectorate, raising a protest from Van der Capellen. Raffles was pleased with the fact that Singapore had grown exponentially in such a short period of time. In 1805 he was sent to Penang to serve as assistant secretary. During the attack, the Yogyakarta Although peace returned to Central Java in the immediate aftermath of the British assault, the events may have fuelled the deep-seated instability and hostility to European involvement that ultimately gave rise to the During his lieutenant-governorship, Raffles placed some restrictions on the local slave trade in line with wider British policy across its Asian territories, although slavery remained widespread and Raffles himself was served by a large retinue of slaves at his official residences in Java.Under the harsh conditions of the island, his wife, Olivia, died on 26 November 1814, an event that devastated Raffles.