Sex-specific groupings (females only) were done to ensure that males did not hinderthe freedom of female participants to express opinions and openly discuss what are largely deemedparticipants with similar characteristics become more comfortable with each other and can participatemade notes and recorded all the discussions, after consent was provided by the participants.participants had informal employment; those who were formally employed were not available at theReflexivity was a critical issue in this study prior to each FGD, as we situated ourselves sociallyand emotionally in relation to our study participants.strange land” who were studying the unfamiliar subjects; thus, bringing awareness of unconsciousrespondents were in the expert position; thus, bringing about a knowledge-imbuing experience.to language sensitivity and the researcher lacking relevant identity or direct experience, and not beingable to comprehend what would be happening in the communities—we recruited a researwho was familiar with the IsiXhosa culture and its norms.All questions asked in the FGDs were open-ended, with new questions arising from the responsesgiven, as participants were able to build on each other’s ideas and comments.In IsiXhosa culture, when a woman is pregnant, are there any specific foods (herbsthat they should eat for the benefit of either the mother or the unborn child?not consume for the benefit of either the mother or the unborn child?What are the consequences on the health of the expecting mother and the child if these beliefs areData were entered and cleaned using Microsoft Excel and descriptive statistics were obtainedand the assistant compiled their notes into one document; thus, linking accuratelyanonymously-coded individual identifiers in each group.handwritten field notes, were transcribed into Microsoft WIsiXhosa to English, with some important Xhosa words given in brackets.in the texts; identifying central meaningful units in the material; condensing the content through ainto themes, we later validated themes from the manual analysis by qualitative content analysis (QCA),which is useful for interpreting textual data content by using a systematic classification process thatusing NVivo qualitative data analysis software.
Results Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Help us to further improve by taking part in this short 5 minute survey The researcher decided on what needed to be knownand set out to find people who could and were willing to provide the information by virtue of theirwhere about 280 women were visited for interviews but some women were not willing to participatein the surveys; thus, limiting the achievement of the targeted sample size.The questionnaire included open-ended questions on the dietary practices of the women duringdetermined from the women’s responses: whether their food consumption practices during pregnancywere governed by their cultural beliefs, dietary preferences or both. Overall, 37% of the women reported one or more food practices shaped by local cultural taboos or beliefs. Wild animals are marked by a single asterisk (*), whilst the double asterisk (**) indicates that this group included orange juices, and other fruits and drinks with an orange colour.Foods avoided by pregnant women due to dietary preferences. Free PMC article South Africa's Black City Music and Theatre, 1985. There was lower dependence on food purchasing in Richards Bay compared to Dundee and Harrismith. Pregnant women, their husbands and mothers- in- law believed that certain foods should be avoided during pregnancy. A well-nourished and healthy population is a central tenet of sustainable development. Some reiterated that these are gofood that you are not supposed to touch or eat as instituted by our customs,are not supposed to eat or touch. Individual food consumption behaviour was determined from the women’s responses: whether their food consumption practices during pregnancy were governed by their cultural beliefs, dietary preferences or both. Risks include cultural factors associated with food taboos as well as issues associated with low socioeconomic status. Masyarakat di Desa Kepung juga memiliki kebiasaan memberikan bayinya air gula.Background: Poor maternal nutrition adversely affects pregnancy and birth outcomes. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan oleh peneliti dengan tinggal bersama target. If the plant is growing well, we believe the baby willbe growing healthy but if the plant dies, then we accept that the baby will not make it.child is born, they are given isicakathi, which is extracted from putting the plant root in boiling waterto make a solution which the baby drinks as herbal tea.traditional remedy for many ailments that a child may face due to what could have been consumedface of infants to treat the rash which may have developed.as ring worm and many other diseases because their immune system is not strong.Food taboos, especially among women in sub-Saharan Africa, have been identified as one ofthe factors contributing to maternal undernutrition during pregnancy [UNICEF Food-Care Health conceptual framework, cultural norms, taboos and beliefs lie within thecontextual factors included as one of the basic causes of malnutrition [nutritional practices, especially during pregnancy and early childhood, can have marked consequencesfor children’s growth and development.
Results Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Help us to further improve by taking part in this short 5 minute survey The researcher decided on what needed to be knownand set out to find people who could and were willing to provide the information by virtue of theirwhere about 280 women were visited for interviews but some women were not willing to participatein the surveys; thus, limiting the achievement of the targeted sample size.The questionnaire included open-ended questions on the dietary practices of the women duringdetermined from the women’s responses: whether their food consumption practices during pregnancywere governed by their cultural beliefs, dietary preferences or both. Overall, 37% of the women reported one or more food practices shaped by local cultural taboos or beliefs. Wild animals are marked by a single asterisk (*), whilst the double asterisk (**) indicates that this group included orange juices, and other fruits and drinks with an orange colour.Foods avoided by pregnant women due to dietary preferences. Free PMC article South Africa's Black City Music and Theatre, 1985. There was lower dependence on food purchasing in Richards Bay compared to Dundee and Harrismith. Pregnant women, their husbands and mothers- in- law believed that certain foods should be avoided during pregnancy. A well-nourished and healthy population is a central tenet of sustainable development. Some reiterated that these are gofood that you are not supposed to touch or eat as instituted by our customs,are not supposed to eat or touch. Individual food consumption behaviour was determined from the women’s responses: whether their food consumption practices during pregnancy were governed by their cultural beliefs, dietary preferences or both. Risks include cultural factors associated with food taboos as well as issues associated with low socioeconomic status. Masyarakat di Desa Kepung juga memiliki kebiasaan memberikan bayinya air gula.Background: Poor maternal nutrition adversely affects pregnancy and birth outcomes. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan oleh peneliti dengan tinggal bersama target. If the plant is growing well, we believe the baby willbe growing healthy but if the plant dies, then we accept that the baby will not make it.child is born, they are given isicakathi, which is extracted from putting the plant root in boiling waterto make a solution which the baby drinks as herbal tea.traditional remedy for many ailments that a child may face due to what could have been consumedface of infants to treat the rash which may have developed.as ring worm and many other diseases because their immune system is not strong.Food taboos, especially among women in sub-Saharan Africa, have been identified as one ofthe factors contributing to maternal undernutrition during pregnancy [UNICEF Food-Care Health conceptual framework, cultural norms, taboos and beliefs lie within thecontextual factors included as one of the basic causes of malnutrition [nutritional practices, especially during pregnancy and early childhood, can have marked consequencesfor children’s growth and development.